abstract：:Adult cynomolgus monkeys were administered trimethyltin (TMT) iv in dosages ranging from 0.75 to 4.0 mg TMT/kg and observed for behavioral changes. Animals were subsequently killed for light and electron microscopic examination. TMT showed a dose-related toxicity, with high dose animals (4.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) dying withi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Reuhl KR,Gilbert SG,Mackenzie BA,Mallett JE,Rice DC

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary mixed cultures of Sertoli and germ cells were prepared from testes of immature rats and their response to the known testicular toxicants ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGM) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGE) was studied. Neither EGM nor EGE produced any morphological evidence of toxicity when added t...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gray TJ,Moss EJ,Creasy DM,Gangolli SD

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A major obstacle in defining the mechanism of chemical-induced toxicity has been the inability to distinguish between events that cause cell death and those that result from cell death. This problem results from measuring biochemical parameters in tissues or cell pellets containing both viable and nonviable cells. In ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Fariss MW,Brown MK,Schmitz JA,Reed DJ

更新日期：1985-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the male reproductive system were investigated. Sexually mature (290 g) Sprague-Dawley rats were given single oral doses of TCDD sufficient to cause varying degrees of hypophagia and impaired body weight gain. The largest doses decreased plasma testosterone and ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Moore RW,Potter CL,Theobald HM,Robinson JA,Peterson RE

更新日期：1985-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Diurnal patterns of feeding, drinking, locomotor activity, and rearing in male Fischer-344 rats were examined for 2 weeks after a single oral dose of trimethyltin chloride (TMT) at 0, 3, 5, or 7 mg/kg. Body weights and feeding and drinking efficiency ratios (ratios of amount of food or water consumed per unit effort) ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bushnell PJ,Evans HL

更新日期：1985-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The sensory irritant properties of ozone have been considered to be responsible for symptoms that occur in humans after exposure. This assumption has not been studied explicitly. One way to assess the aversive properties of airborne irritants is to give the exposed individual an opportunity to control the duration of ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Tepper JS,Wood RW

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methyl bromide is used as a disinfectant to fumigate soil and a wide range of stored food commodities in warehouses and mills. Human exposure occurs during the manufacture and use of the chemical. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the disposition and metabolism of [14C]methyl bromide in rats after inh...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bond JA,Dutcher JS,Medinsky MA,Henderson RF,Birnbaum LS

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Guinea pigs were exposed by nose only for 3 hr/day for 6 days to freshly formed zinc oxide (ZnO) particles (projected area diameter = 0.05 micron, sigma g = 2.0) at 5 mg/m3, the currently recommended threshold limit value (TLV). Ventilation, lung mechanics, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLC...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lam HF,Conner MW,Rogers AE,Fitzgerald S,Amdur MO

更新日期：1985-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of isocyanates in industry has been increasing and, therefore, the potential for human exposure has also increased. Two such isocyanates are diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) and dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (SMDI). Furthermore, there are only a few reports describing the toxicity of these diiso...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Weyel DA,Schaffer RB

更新日期：1985-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The disposition of [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and its metabolites was studied in mice after iv treatment. In addition, disposition of [3H]DFP in selected tissues was correlated with cholinesterase activity and spontaneous activity following DFP treatment. Within 1 min of administration [3H]DFP had penetrated...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Martin BR

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclosporin (Cs), a cyclic nonpolar undecapeptide of fungal origin, has potent immunosuppressive and antiparasitic activities, and renal and hepatic toxicities, the mechanisms of which are not worked out. Many nephrotoxins and hepatotoxins are predictably more or less harmful, depending upon the circadian stage at whi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Magnus G,Cavallini M,Halberg F,Cornelissen G,Sutherland DE,Najarian JA,Hrushesky WJ

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In rat skeletal muscle, chronic exposure to 50 ppm Cd2+ in drinking water produced both ultrastructural and functional damage, which took place successively and increased gradually with duration of treatment. Ultrastructurally, the first effect was a regression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial cristae, and...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Toury R,Stelly N,Boissonneau E,Dupuis Y

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight was injected into male Wistar rats twice a day (12-hr intervals) for 7 consecutive days. A group of treated rats was maintained without any treatment for an additional period of 10 days and killed on the following day (on Day 18). Plasma aldosterone concentr...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nishiyama S,Nakamura K

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The embryotoxic and teratogenic potential of inhaled monochlorobenzene (MCB) was evaluated in rats and rabbits. Bred Fischer 344 rats and inseminated New Zealand White rabbits were exposed to 0, 75, 210, or 590 ppm of MCB via inhalation for 6 hr/day during the period of major organogenesis. Exposure to 590 ppm caused ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： John JA,Hayes WC,Hanley TR Jr,Johnson KA,Gushow TS,Rao KS

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of carbon monoxide (CO) on the development of systemic hypertension was studied in Dahl rats selectively bred for susceptibility (DS) and resistance (DR) to NaCl-induced hypertension. This study was designed to examine the interactions among rat line (DS or DR), NaCl content of diet, and exposure to CO. ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shiotsuka RN,Drew RT,Wehner RW

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzene exposure can result in bone marrow myelotoxicity. We examined the effects of benzene metabolites on bone marrow stromal cells of the hemopoietic microenvironment. Male B6C3F1 mouse bone marrow adherent stromal cells were plated at 4 X 10(6) cells per 2 ml of DMEM medium in 35-mm tissue culture dishes. The grow...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gaido K,Wierda D

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), a constituent of diesel exhaust, is carcinogenic to rats and is a bacterial and mammalian mutagen. Biliary and fecal excretion of 1-NP metabolites are the major routes of excretion in rats, suggesting that hepatic metabolism plays a dominant role in determining the biological fate of 1-NP. The pu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bond JA,Medinsky MA,Dutcher JS

更新日期：1984-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:To evaluate the functional significance of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO)-induced thymus atrophy, lymphocyte depletion in spleen and lymph nodes, lymphopenia, and increased serum IgM and decreased IgG concentrations, in vivo and in vitro function studies were performed for specific and nonspecific resistance. Weaned ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Vos JG,de Klerk A,Krajnc EI,Kruizinga W,van Ommen B,Rozing J

更新日期：1984-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Corticosteroids will induce cleft palate in mice. One suggested mechanism for this effect is through inhibition of phospholipase activity. This hypothesis was tested by measuring the effects of dexamethasone, a synthetic corticosteroid, on phospholipase activity in cultures of palate mesenchymal cells. Palate mesenchy...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bulleit RF,Zimmerman EF

更新日期：1984-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of the organophosphate, soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), on neuritic growth and substrate utilization by mammalian autonomic neural tissue was studied using explants of the rat superior cervical ganglion as a model. Soman produced a dose-dependent decrease in neuritic outgrowth from explants ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Jerkins AA,Kauffman FC

更新日期：1984-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Components of the herbicide Agent Orange--2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and their esters, and the contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)--and related chemicals were tested for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mortelmans K,Haworth S,Speck W,Zeiger E

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess aluminum toxicity to the A1-exposed lactating organism and her suckling offspring, lactating rabbits received 20, sc, A1 lactate injections (0, 25, 100, 400, or 800 mumol A1/kg/inj) between Days 4 and 29 postpartum. Offspring were weaned Day 30 postpartum. Weight gain in the first 12 postnatal weeks was slig...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Yokel RA

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male, English smooth haired guinea pigs were exposed to thermal decomposition products, i.e., smoke, generated by heating Douglas fir in an open system. Various amounts of Douglas fir were placed in a furnace, at room temperature, and heated at a rate of 11 degrees C/min until completely decomposed. Major decompositio...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wong KL,Stock MF,Malek DE,Alarie Y

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body wt was injected into male rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 250 g on the average, twice a day (12-hr intervals) for 7 consecutive days. DNA and RNA contents and [3H]-thymidine and [3H]-uridine incorporation into the acid-insoluble fraction significantly increased in...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nishiyama S,Nakamura K

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of 16 metal salts to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was determined by measuring the cloning efficiency (CE) of CHO cells after exposure to the metals. CHO cells differed by a factor of 10(5) to 10(6) in their toxic response to these metal salts. While Cd(II) was the most toxic ion, Mg(II) exhibited the...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Tan EL,Williams MW,Schenley RL,Perdue SW,Hayden TL,Turner JE,Hsie AW

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tolerance to several toxic effects of Cd, including lethality, has been shown following pretreatment with Cd. This study was designed to determine if tolerance also develops to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats were challenged with Cd (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 mg/kg, iv) 24 hr after pretreatment with saline (2 ml/kg, sc) o...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Goering PL,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the tricyclic antidepressant drugs imipramine and doxepin exert similar direct electrophysiological effects on cardiac cells, toxic cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances are much more commonly associated with imipramine than doxepin in clinical use. To ascertain if this discrepancy could be due to d...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Brennan FJ

更新日期：1984-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Pretreatment of male mice of the inbred strains A2G, BALB/c, C57BL/10, and AKR with iron dextran synergized the action of a single dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 75 micrograms/kg) in causing hepatic porphyria and necrosis 35 days later. There was no effect in DBA/2 mice. Increased porphyrin levels ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Greig JB,Francis JE,Kay SJ,Lovell DP,Smith AG

更新日期：1984-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A microtiter hemolytic assay was utilized to determine sodium azide (NaN3) modulation of B6C3F1 and C3H mouse serum complement levels in vivo and in vitro. Functional complement was expressed in CH50 units per milliliter. Experiments were performed to determine the in vitro effect of NaN3 on complement mediated lysis ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Johnson KW,Anderson AC,Munson AE,White KL Jr

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiments were conducted to study the acute and subacute effects of intramuscularly injected T-2 toxin in rats and rabbits. The LD50 values of T-2 toxin were 0.85 +/- 0.03 and 1.10 +/- 0.08 mg/kg body wt in rats and rabbits, respectively. The intoxication was characterized by a consistent decrease in serum alkaline ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Chan PK,Gentry PA

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After a fire involving a transformer, the State Office Building in Binghamton, New York, was contaminated with soot containing polychlorinated biphenyls, biphenylenes, naphthalenes, dioxins, and dibenzofurans. The toxicity of the soot and its effect on liver morphology after prolonged (subchronic) exposure were determ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Turner JN,Collins DN

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The differential effects of oral and dermal administration of single doses of 100 to 1000 mg/kg S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) on nonspecific esterases and liver metabolism enzymes were investigated one day following administration. O,O-Diethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate (parathion) and tri-o-cres...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lapadula DM,Carrington CD,Abou-Donia MB

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A cadmium-binding substance with a molecular weight even lower than that of metallothionein was demonstrated on Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography of the soluble fractions from newborn human and adult rat liver homogenates and adult human hemolysate which were mixed with CdCl2 in vitro. This substance was pur...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Katoh M,Mizutani N,Keino H,Kashiwamata S

更新日期：1984-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Following po administration of a nephrotoxic dose (200 mg/kg) of hexachloro-1:3-butadiene (HCBD) to male rats, the principal route of excretion was biliary, 17-20% of the dose being eliminated on each of the first 2 days. Fecal excretion over this period was less than 5% of the dose per day, suggesting enterohepatic r...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nash JA,King LJ,Lock EA,Green T

更新日期：1984-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The sensory irritation potential of a series of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and cyclic aldehydes was investigated in B6C3F1 and Swiss-Webster mice. With the reflex decrease in respiratory rate as the endpoint response, alpha, beta-unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes yielded RD50 values (concentration which elicits...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Steinhagen WH,Barrow CS

更新日期：1984-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhalation of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) by male B6C3F1 mice resulted in a concentration-dependent depletion of glutathione (GSH) in liver, kidney, and brain. Exposure for 6 hr to 100 ppm CH3Cl decreased the concentration of GSH in mouse liver by 45%, while exposure to 2500 ppm for 6 hr lowered liver GSH to approximately...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kornbrust DJ,Bus JS

更新日期：1984-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:CD-1 mice were treated ip on Day 10 of gestation with 4, 6, or 7 g/kg ethanol. Maternal and embryonic tissues were analyzed for ethanol and acetaldehyde levels by head-space gas chromatography 5 min to 24 hr after treatment. Dose-dependent ethanol concentrations were observed in maternal blood and liver. Ethanol rapid...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Blakley PM,Scott WJ Jr

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the metabolism of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), fast denitration with the formation of nitrite ions and a mononitrate plays an important role. In contrast, the denitration of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) to isosorbide is very slow. Accordingly po administration of high doses of ISDN (92.5 and 236 mg/kg) in con...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Strein K,Bartsch W,Sponer G,Müller-Beckmann B,Lexa P

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It was previously shown that treatment of rats with methyl-n-butyl ketone (MBK) produced an increase in the total level of liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 and an increase in the rate of metabolism of chloroform (CHCl3) to phosgene (COCl2). In the present study it was found that MBK also produced qualitative changes...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Branchflower RV,Schulick RD,George JW,Pohl LR

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pretreatment of rats with the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1254 or phenobarbital markedly increased the duodenal ulcerogenic action of acrylonitrile. The extent of forestomach and hepatic lesions in these rats, on the other hand, was not modified. The duodenal ulcers produced by Aroclor 1254 and acrylonitril...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Szabo S,Silver EH,Gallagher GT,Maull EA

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00